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2,4-D - Identification, toxicity, use, water pollution potential, ecological toxicity and regulatory information

Note: See Working with the Information on this Page section below for important notes about this data.

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Chemical ID
 Identifying information, including synonyms, ID numbers, use type, chemical classification, a link to a list of all products containing this chemical and a list of the top crops this pesticide is used on in California.
Poisoning Symptoms
 Signs and symptoms of poisoning, first aid, and links to treatment information for this chemical.
Toxicity
 Link to information on toxicity to humans, including carcinogenicity, reproductive and developmental toxicity, neurotoxicity, and acute toxicity.
Regulatory
 Links to world-wide registration status as well as regulatory information for the U.S. and California.
Water
 Water quality standards and physical properties affecting water contamination potential.
Ecotoxicity
 Toxicity to aquatic organisms.
Related Chems
 List of chemicals in the same family, including breakdown products, salts, esters, isomers, and other derivatives.
 

Chemical Identification and Use for 2,4-D
Basic Identification Information About This Chemical
Chemical Name: 2,4-D
CAS Number: 94-75-7
U.S. EPA PC Code: 030001
030001
CA DPR Chem Code: 636
Molecular Weight: 221.04
Use Type: Herbicide , Plant Growth Regulator
Chem Class: Chlorophenoxy acid, salt, or ester
View Related Chemicals
 
Additional Resources About This Chemical Class and Use Type
Historical Use of this Chemical
Top five crops and sites for this pesticide in California
Almonds   Table and Raisin Grapes   Wheat for Forage   Wheat   Uncultivated Agricultural Area  
View All Crops and Sites
 
Other Names for this Chemical
About Chemical Synonyms
(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid , 00636 (CA DPR Chem Code Text ) , 026 (PDP Code) , 030001 [US EPA PC Code, Text ] , 2, 4, D , 2, 4-D , 2,4 d , 2,4-D , 2,4-D (acid) , 2,4-D present as acid , 2,4-D [Acetic acid, (2,4-dichlorophenoxy)-] , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid , 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid , 2-(2,4-Dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid , 2.4 D , 2.4D , 24D , 30001 [US EPA PC Code, Numeric ] , 636 (CA DPR Chem Code) ) , 94-75-7 (CAS number) , 94757 , 94757 (CAS number without hyphens) , Chlorophenoxy Herbicide 2,4-D , Dichlorophenoxy acetic acid , L 208
 
Products Containing This Chemical
Current and historic U.S. registered products
View U.S. Products All Products Currently Registered Products
 

Signs and Symptoms of 2,4-D Poisoning

NOTE! There may be other diseases and chemicals that have similar symptoms.

If you have a poisoning emergency in the United States call 1-800-222-1222.
If the victim has collapsed or is unconscious, call 911.

2,4-D is a Chlorophenoxy compound.

Report a Poisoning
Symptoms of Poisoning with Chlorophenoxy Compounds
Find Products Containing this Chemical

- Irritation of skin, eyes and respiratory tract.
- Inhalation may cause burning sensation in nasopharynx and chest, coughing, and/or dizziness.
- Headache, vomiting, diarrhea.
- Confusion, bizarre or aggressive behavior.
- Kidney failure, increased heart rate.
- Metabolic acidosis resulting in peculiar odor on breath.

Source for Group Symptoms: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th edition, U.S. EPA, Chapter 9.
Treatment for Chlorophenoxy Poisoning

See: Recognition and Management of Pesticide Poisoning, 5th edition, U.S. EPA, Chapter 9, page 96.

 
Symptoms of 2,4-D Exposure from the International Chemical Safety Cards (ICSC)

Report a Poisoning
View full ICSC Cards: English   Español   Française   Chinese   Dutch   Finnish   German   Hungarian   Japanese   Swahili   Thai   Urdu  
NOTE! PREVENT DISPERSION OF DUST! STRICT HYGIENE! AVOID EXPOSURE OF (PREGNANT) WOMEN!

Route of Exposure

Symptoms

First Aid
Inhalation Headache. Nausea. Weakness. Fresh air rest. Refer for medical attention.
Skin Redness. Remove contaminated clothes. Rinse and then wash skin with water and soap.
Eyes Redness. First rinse with plenty of water for several minutes (remove contact lenses if easily possible) then take to a doctor.
Ingestion Abdominal pain. Burning sensation. Diarrhoea. Headache. Nausea. Unconsciousness. Vomiting. Weakness. Rinse mouth. Give a slurry of activated charcoal in water to drink. Refer for medical attention.
Notes for ICSC Information
24-D is a chlorophenoxy-herbicide which as a group has been classified as possibly carcinogenic to humans. Depending on the degree of exposure periodic medical examination is indicated. Carrier solvents used in commercial formulations may change physical and toxicological properties.
 

Toxicity Information for 2,4-D

  Note: Information for many chemicals is incomplete and may not be fully representative of effects on humans. Why?

Summary Toxicity Information

PAN Bad Actor
Chemical 1 		Acute
Toxicity 2 		Carcinogen Cholinesterase
Inhibitor 		Ground
Water Contaminant 		Developmental or
Reproductive Toxin 		Endocrine
Disruptor
Not Listed Moderate Possible No Potential
Suspected
 
Indicates high toxicity in the given toxicological category. Indicates no available weight-of-the-evidence summary assessment. For additional information on toxicity from scientific journals or registration documents, see the "Additional Resources for Toxicity " section of the chemical detail page.
1. PAN Bad Actors are chemicals that are one or more of the following: highly acutely toxic, cholinesterase inhibitor, known/probable carcinogen, known groundwater pollutant or known reproductive or developmental toxicant. NOTE! Because there are no authoritative lists of Endocrine Disrupting (ED) chemicals, EDs are not yet considered PAN Bad Actor chemicals.
2. The acute toxicity reported on this page is of the pure chemical ingredient only and may not reflect the acute toxicity of individual pesticide products. To view acute toxicity of individual products, click on 'View Products' link in the 'Chemical Identification' section above.

Detailed Toxicity Information
Acute Toxicity 2
 2,4-D
WHO Acute Hazard
TRI Acute Hazard
Material Safety Data Sheets
Acute rating from U.S. EPA product label
U.S. NTP Acute Toxicity Studies
      View Studies
Cholinesterase Inhibitor		 II, Moderately Hazardous
Not Listed
Not Available

Slightly to Moderately Toxic

No
2. The acute toxicity reported on this page is of the pure chemical ingredient only and may not reflect the acute toxicity of individual pesticide products. To view acute toxicity of individual products, click on 'View Products' link in the 'Chemical Identification' section above.
 
Cancer Information
 2,4-D
IARC Carcinogens
U.S. NTP Carcinogens
California Prop 65 Known Carcinogens
U.S. EPA Carcinogens
TRI Carcinogen		 2B, Possible
Not Listed
Not Listed
D, Unclassifiable, ambiguous data
Not Listed
 
Endocrine Disruption
 2,4-D
Illinois EPA list
Keith list
Colborn list
Benbrook list
Danish Inert list
EU list		 Probable
Yes
Yes
Yes
Not listed
Yes
 
Reproductive and Developmental Toxicity
 2,4-D
CA Prop 65 Developmental Toxin
U.S. TRI Developmental Toxin
CA Prop 65 Female Reproductive Toxin
CA Prop 65 Male Reproductive Toxin
U.S. TRI Reproductive Toxin 		Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
 
Chemicals of Special Concern
 2,4-D
PAN Bad Actors
PAN Dirty Dozen list		 Not Listed
Not Listed
 

Water Pollution Potential and Criteria for 2,4-D

Water Pollution Potential

PAN Ground Water Contaminant Rating Potential
 
Physical Property Data Related to Water Contamination Potential
Water Solubility (Avg, mg/L)
Adsorption Coefficient (Koc)
Hydrolysis Half-life (Avg, Days)
Aerobic Soil Half-life (Avg, Days)
Anaerobic Soil Half-life (Avg, Days) 		27,600
46.0
39.0
34.0
333.0 		 
 

Water Standards and Criteria
U.S. National Drinking Water Standards and Health Criteria
 g/L unless noted  
Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) 70.0  
Maximum Contaminant Level Goal (MCLG) 70.0  
One Day Exposure Health Advisory Level 1,000  
Ten Day Exposure Health Advisory Level 300.0  
Lifetime Exposure Health Advisory Level  
Reference Dose 5.00 (g/kg/day)  
U.S. Drinking Water Equivalent Level 200.0  
Concentration with Lifetime Cancer Risk of 1 in 10,000  
WHO Water Quality Criteria
Description Applies to free acid
Concentration (μg/l unless otherwise noted) 30.0
Canadian Water Quality Guidelines for the Protection of Agricultural Water Uses
 g/L unless noted  
Irrigation Water Guidelines See also Phenoxy herbicides Notes: b
Livestock Water Guidelines
 

Regulatory Information for 2,4-D

International Regulatory Status
 
UNEP Persistent Organic Pollutant (POP)
UNEP Prior Informed Consent Chemical (PIC)
WHO Obsolete Pesticide		 Not Listed
Not Listed
Not Listed
 

U.S. and California Regulatory Status
U.S. EPA Registered
U.S. EPA Hazardous Air Pollutant
U.S. EPA Minimum Risk Pesticide (25b list)

CA Registered
CA Groundwater Contaminant
CA Toxic Air Contaminant 		Yes
Yes
No

Yes
Not Listed
HAPTAC, Industrial chemical
 

Maximum Tolerance and Residue Levels
Codex Alimentarius
   (UN FAO Maximum Residue Limits)
U.S. Maximum Tolerance Levels
European Union Maximum Residue Levels 		Go to web site

Go to web site
Go to web site
 

Ecotoxicity for 2,4-D

Note! Information for many chemicals is incomplete and may not be fully representative of effects on the environment. Why? Click on underlined terms for definitions and additional information.

Aquatic Ecotoxicity
All Toxic Effects for Organism Group
Organism Group Effects Noted
Amphibians Behavior, Biochemistry, Development, Intoxication, Mortality, Population
Annelida Mortality
AquaticPlants Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Development, Genetics, Growth, Injury, Morphology, Mortality, Physiology, Population
Cnidaria Growth
Crustaceans Behavior, Development, Intoxication, Mortality
Echinoderms Reproduction
Fish Accumulation, Avoidance, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Development, Enzyme(s), Feeding Behavior, Genetics, Growth, Histology, Intoxication, Morphology, Mortality, No Effect Coded, Physiology
Fungi Population
Insects Development, Genetics, Mortality, Population
MarineBenthicCommunity Mortality
Molluscs Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Development, Enzyme(s), Genetics, Growth, Intoxication, Morphology, Mortality, Physiology, Population
Phytoplankton Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Development, Enzyme(s), Genetics, Growth, Mortality, Physiology, Population, Reproduction
TerrestrialPlants Growth, Morphology, Population
Zooplankton Accumulation, Avoidance, Biochemistry, Growth, Intoxication, Mortality, Population, Reproduction
~ Un-Assigned Accumulation, Behavior, Biochemistry, Cell(s), Development, Enzyme(s), Genetics, Growth, Morphology, Mortality, Physiology, Population, Reproduction
View All Aquatic Ecotoxicity Studies and References
 
Summary of Acute Toxicity for Organism Group
Organism Group Average Acute Toxicity Acute Toxicity Range
Amphibians Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Slightly Toxic
Annelida Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic
Crustaceans Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Slightly Toxic
Fish Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Moderate Toxicity
Insects Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Slightly Toxic
MarineBenthicCommunity Very Highly Toxic Very Highly Toxic
Molluscs Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic
Zooplankton Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Moderate Toxicity
~ Un-Assigned Not Acutely Toxic Not Acutely Toxic to Moderate Toxicity
View All Acute Summaries
 

Terrestrial Ecotoxicity
Summary of Acute Toxicity for Organism Group
Organism Group Average Acute Toxicity Acute Toxicity Range
HoneybeesSlightly ToxicSlightly Toxic
Note: Population-level effects on honeybees may occur even if a pesticide has low acute toxicity. For example, certain pesticides interfere with honeybee reproduction, ability to navigate, or temperature regulation, any of which can have an effect on long-term survival of honeybee colonies. The neonicotinoids, pyrethroids and keto-enol pesticides are some types of pesticides causing one or more of these effects.
Honeybee Chronic Toxicity
Organism Group Chronic Toxicity  
Honeybees  

Related Chemicals for 2,4-D
CAS Number Relation Reason Chemical Name Chem Detail Symptoms California Use Chem Use Type U.S. EPA Reg PAN Bad Actor
94-75-7 Parent P 2,4-D View View View Herbicide, Plant Growth Regulator Yes Not Listed
Related 1 2,4-D Amine View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
Related 1 2,4-D Ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
3966-11-8 Related 1 2,4-D, 2-butoxyisopropyl ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-43-4 Related 1 2,4-D, 2-ethylhexyl ester View View View Herbicide Yes Yes
2307-55-3 Related 1 2,4-D, alkanolamine salts (ethanol and isopropanol amines) View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2212-54-6 Related 1 2,4-D, alkyl (C12) amine salts View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-57-0 Related 1 2,4-D, butoxy ethoxy propanol ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1929-73-3 Related 1 2,4-D, butoxyethanol ester View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
1928-45-6 Related 1 2,4-D, butoxypropyl ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
94-80-4 Related 1 2,4-D, butyl ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2971-38-2 Related 1 2,4-D, chlorocrotyl ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1048373-72-3 Related 1 2,4-D, choline salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
5742-19-8 Related 1 2,4-D, diethanolamine salt View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
20940-37-8 Related 1 2,4-D, diethylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-34-5 Related 1 2,4-D, diethylethanolamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-35-6 Related 1 2,4-D, diisopropylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2008-39-1 Related 1 2,4-D, dimethylamine salt View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
37102-63-9 Related 1 2,4-D, heptylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-37-8, 25168-26-7 Related 1 2,4-D, isooctyl ester View View View Herbicide Yes Yes
94-11-1 Related 1 2,4-D, isopropyl ester View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
5742-17-6 Related 1 2,4-D, isopropylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
3766-27-6 Related 1 2,4-D, lithium salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
51173-63-8 Related 1 2,4-D, methylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
6365-73-7 Related 1 2,4-D, morpholine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
55256-32-1, 555256-32-1 Related 1 2,4-D, N,N-dimethyl oleyl-linoleylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2212-59-1 Related 1 2,4-D, N-oleyl-1,3-propylenediamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-44-5 Related 1 2,4-D, octyl ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-61-6 Related 1 2,4-D, propyl ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
54325-99-4 Related 1 2,4-D, propylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1320-18-9 Related 1 2,4-D, propylene glycol butyl ether ester View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2702-72-9 Related 1 2,4-D, sodium salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
28685-18-9 Related 1 2,4-D, tetradecylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2569-01-9 Related 1 2,4-D, triethanolamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2646-78-8 Related 1 2,4-D, triethylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
18584-79-7 Related 1 2,4-D, triisopropanolamine salt View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
Related 1 2,4-D, triisopropylamine salt View View View Herbicide Yes Not Listed
6416-73-5 Related 1 2,4-D, trimethylamine salt View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-06-1 Related 1 Alkyl* amine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate *(100% C13) View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
137335-70-7 Related 1 Alkyl* amine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate *(as in fatty acids of tall oil) View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1917-92-6 Related 1 Amyl(pentyl) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-33-4 Related 1 Amylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-01-6 Related 1 Butoxypolyethoxypropyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
215655-76-8 Related 1 Clacyfos View View View Herbicide No Yes
53535-29-8 Related 1 Dipropylene glycol isobutyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
3599-58-4 Related 1 Ethanolamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-36-7 Related 1 Ethoxyethoxyethyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53467-05-3 Related 1 Ethoxyethoxypropyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
533-23-3 Related 1 Ethyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
25178-20-5 Related 1 Ethylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1713-15-1 Related 1 Isobutyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1917-97-1 Related 1 Isooctyl(2-octyl) 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
6365-72-6 Related 1 Isopropanolamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-38-9 Related 1 Linoleylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
1928-38-7 Related 1 Methyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53535-36-7 Related 1 N,N-Dimethyloleylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
55617-55-5 Related 1 Nonyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2212-53-5 Related 1 Octylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
2388-40-1 Related 1 Oleylamine 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53404-02-7 Related 1 Polyethylene glycol 200 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53467-11-1 Related 1 Polypropoxybutyl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53467-12-2 Related 1 Polypropylene glycol 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
14214-89-2 Related 1 Potassium 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53466-77-6 Related 1 Propylene glycol 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53466-78-7 Related 1 Propylene glycol isobutyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
15146-99-3 Related 1 Tetrahydrofurfuryl 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
53535-28-7 Related 1 Tripropylene glycol isobutyl ether 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetate View View View Herbicide No Not Listed
 
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Citation: Pesticide Action Network, North America, PAN Pesticide Database, (Berkeley, CA, 2019), http:www.pesticideinfo.org. © 2000-2019 Pesticide Action Network, North America. All rights reserved.